What Proportion of the Colonial Population Lived on Small Family Farms

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Colonial Population PowerPoint Presentation

Colonial Population

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Colonial Population

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1. Colonial Population • Difference between the cultures of the colonies, tried to altitude themselves from Native Americans, population grew rapidly through immigration and natural increase- by tardily 17th century Europeans and Africans became dominant

2. America in 1700

3. Colonial Population • The "melting pot" was in effect with colonists from dissimilar European countries. Differences in cultures were already existence implemented in the behavior of colonists.

4. Colonial Population • Early settlers included the emerging middle class, business men, indentured servants and sons of Englishmen who stood to inherit no country.

5. Colonial Population • Indenture arrangement provided manner to cope with the astringent labor shortage- came to escape troubles in England or with hopes of establishing themselves. Indentured servants bind themselves to a four or v year service in exchange for passage to America, food and shelter.

6. Colonial Population • The indentured organization allowed the high rates labor shortage in the Chesapeake • Life after freedom from indentured servitude was rough; no land or work. Families had remained in England with no promise of a better future (there were meliorate opportunities in Pennsylvania and New York).

7. Colonial Population • By 1670'due south immigration began to decline due to decrease in English language birth rate and an increase in English language prosperity • Weather condition of settlement improved, improvements in reproduction rate began in New England and Mid- Atlantic colonies

8. Colonial Population • Cool climate, relatively disease free surroundings, clean water, absence of large population centers; acquired New England to accept the best longevity in life (71)

9. The Non-Indian Population of North America, 1700-1780

10. Colonial Population • Mortality rates in Chesapeake stay loftier (men just over 40):1 in 4 children died at infancy due to inadequate food, frequent epidemics, malaria, and salty drinking water. Life expectancy: men-71 women-70 • Deaths in colonial era were largely due to inadequate medical cognition. Expiry common in childbirth and surgery

11. Colonial Population • Midwives aided in childbirth and used "medical cognition" to provide herbal or natural remedies. Medicine rested then much on ideas produced thousands of years prior. Fiddling support for scientific method-would gain credence in the Enlightenment.

12. Colonial Population • Widows, widowers and orphans formed substantial portion of white population • More women began to arrive in colonies- ratio of men to women became more than balanced. Few women remained single long (20 or 21) • Traditional male person centered family structure hard to maintain

13. Colonial Population • Women in the Chesapeake lives' consumed by childbearing (av. 8 near 5 died in infancy or early childhood). Boilerplate wife became pregnant every two years. • Maryland and Virginia created special courts to protect orphans

14. Colonial Population • Families stability grew, traditional patterns of male person authority revived- "patriarchal" dominated by male head of family • New England- more stable, women married young, children more likely to survive, families more probable to remain intact, less contained

15. Colonial Population • Less control over spousal relationship atmospheric condition, fathers more than oft alive, parents controlled children far longer

16. Colonial Population • Men depend on fathers for land, stricter parental supervision, Puritan church was a powerful institution and social presence, high value on family, principle economical unit- absolute male dominance- women expected to exist small-scale and submissive

17. Colonial Population • Past 1749 indentured servitude being replaced with slaves • Slave merchandise responsible for immigration of 11 one thousand thousand Africans to Due north and South America and Caribbean

18. African Population of British Colonies 1620-1780

19. Colonial Population • The Caribbean and Brazil's labor intensive sugar economies created a larger need for slaves • Outset black laborers arrived earlier 1620. Fewer than v% of Africans imported to the Americas went straight to the English colonies on the mainland- W Indies first

20. Colonial Population • "Middle Passage" - journey to America

21. Colonial Population • 1670'south started importing blacks directly- Imperial African Company- monopoly on trade in mainland colonies • 1690's turning signal, monopoly cleaved; 1700-1760 number of Africans increased tenfold to 25 million- basis of southern work force

22. Colonial Population • "Slave Codes" limited rights of blacks, ensured accented authorization to white masters • Subordinated as an inferior race • In places like South Carolina slaves and landowners lived in relative equality; some slaves would be freed after servitude and few went on to own state.

23. Colonial Population • Flow of immigrants from England declined every bit a consequence of improve economic conditions, new authorities restrictions on clearing

24. Colonial Population • French Calvinists- Huguenots, revoked the Edict of Nantes • German Protestants- arbitrary religious policies, arrived in NY, made way to PA • "Pennsylvania Dutch", Quaker colony

25. Immigrant GroupsIn Colonial America

26. Colonial Population • Well-nigh numerous- Scotch-Irish- prohibited from exporting wool to England, outlawed Presbyterian religion, tripled rents- went west, claimed country every bit ain, disliked, ruthless, displaced Indians • Scotland- high rents, unemployment; left for North Carolina • By 1775 over 2 million, population about doubled every 25 years

27. Colonial Economies • Farming dominated all areas of European and African settlement. Colonies relied on some relations with Native Americans

28. Colonial Economies • Chesapeake- tobacco basis of economy, suffered periodic declines, smash and bust, overproduction

29. Colonial Economies • S Carolina and Georgia- rice and indigo (Eliza Eucas), dependent on slaves- more adept at basic agricultural tasks, accustomed to hot conditions. Developed less commercial or industrial economy, few cities of modest size

30. Colonial Economies • Northern colonies-varied nonagricultural activities, conditions for farming less favorable- common cold weather, difficult rocky soil • Farmers in NY, PA and Conn. River Valley cultivated staple crops, supplier of wheat to the south, applied German cultivation methods, women worked besides

31. Colonial Economies • Attempted industrial enterprises- shipbuilding • Largest industrial enterprise- Peter Hasenclever, atomic number 26 making. Employed several hundred German workers

32. Colonial Economies • Atomic number 26 Human activity of 1750 restricted metal processing in the colonies • Restrictions, inadequate labor supply, inadequate domestic market, no infrastructure • Lumber, mining, fishing, - produced appurtenances in New England, exported back to England, thriving commercial course

33. Colonial Economies • Half of the country's farmers were poorly equip (houses didn't take essentials like pots and pans) • No currency- relied on a barter system, chaotic commerce.

34. Colonial Economies • Triangular trade-maze of trade routes- rum, slaves and sugar. Emergence of merchant course in Northern port cities (Boston, New York and Philadelphia)

35. Colonial Economies • British Navigation Acts- excluded non-British ships from colonial carrying trade • Colonies ignored British laws. Developed markets in French, Spanish and Dutch West Indies. Resulted in obsession with material goods and social status. Luxury appurtenances including tea, linens, article of furniture, glassware, cutlery and crockery.

36. Patterns in Society • Imbalance between land and population became a foundation of English economy • 17th century plantations-crude relatively minor estates isolated far from cities led to self-contained communities. Wealthy landowners exercised social and economic influence

37. Patterns in Lodge • Large plantation owners controlled those they employed (or enslaved) and the smaller famers in their expanse with economic influence.

38. Patterns in Society • 3/4 of slaves lived on plantation with 10 or more slaves; about half lived in communities with 50 or more slaves. • Slaves sang in native tongues that reinforced connexion with beginnings. Distinct religion composite Christianity with African folklore.

39. Patterns in Order • Stono Rebellion in South Carolina in 1739, slaves attempt to escape to Florida, crushed the uprising

40. Patterns in Lodge • Social unit in Puritan New England town, drew upwardly a covenant among members binding them in religious and social harmony • Houses around central "common", stiff sense of customs

41. Patterns in Society • Merely those who had conversion experience admitted every bit full members of church • Tightly knit society, rigid patriarchal construction, strong sense of commercialization

42. Patterns in Society • 1680'south-1690's Witchcraft accusations reflect social strains, resent favored position of eastern neighbors, jealous

43. Patterns in Society • Salem Witch Trials- teenage girls in Salem, MA accused West Indian servants of "voodoo". 19 citizens in Salem were put to decease before accusers admitted making upward stories. Arthur Miller's The Crucible- famous example of Trials. • Nigh middle aged women, widowed, few children, substantial land, challenged the Social norms

44. Patterns in Society • Philadelphia and New York- biggest ports, served as trading centers, social distinctions. • Cities brought urban problems- crime, vice, pollution, epidemics, traffic.

45. The Colonial Mind • New spirit of enlightenment- stressed importance of science and human reason; people had command over lives • Church of England never succeeded in making Anglicanism a dominant force

46. The Colonial Mind • Differences in church structure, religious toleration, diversity among religions • Catholics near numerous in MD, - deprived of political rights, forbidden to concur religious services

47. The Colonial Mind • Populations moving westward, lost touch w. faith, failing piety • Halfway Covenant- gave people of 3rd and after generations right to be baptized but not right to partake of communion or vote in church affairs

48. The Colonial Mind • Swell Awakening began 1730s, new spirit of religious fervor, residents of areas withsocial and economic tensions, women, people of all backgrounds, intense religious experience • George Whitefield - made evangelizing tours offered relief from guilt, no demand to rely on clergy to help gain forgiveness

49. The Colonial Mind • Jonathan Edwards- orthodox Puritan, attacked the new doctrines of easy salvation for all, traditional puritan ideas, absolute sovereignty of God, predestination, conservancy by God's grace lonely

50. The Colonial Mind • "New lite" ministers revivalist (Whitefield) • "Old lights" - traditional, weakened potency of established churches, created increasing hostility to the traditional clergy, opened religion to be more diverse, strengthened Calvinism (Edwards)

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